See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [249] As the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces is defined in the constitution, any changes require a constitutional amendment. [292] Canada was the third country to design and construct a satellite after the Soviet Union and the United States, with the 1962 Alouette 1 launch. Immigrate to work and live in Canada . [262] Like many other developed countries, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. [320] Eightypercent of Canadian adults self-report having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease: smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating or excessive alcohol use. [354], Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021, approximately 25.4 million reported being "White", representing 69.8percent of the population. "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. Please select all that apply: [472], Canada shares several major professional sports leagues with the United States. [248] The powers flowing from the Constitution Act, 1867 are divided between the federal government and the provincial governments to exercise exclusively. Canada is a vast and rugged land. [309] Life expectancy is 81.1 years. [84] Volunteers sent to the Western Front later became part of the Canadian Corps, which played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major engagements of the war. Canada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 [464] "The Maple Leaf Forever", written in 1866, was a popular patriotic song throughout English Canada and for many years served as an unofficial national anthem. [391][392] Canada has the second-largest national Sikh population, behind India. [272] Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products; the Canadian Prairies are one of the most important global producers of wheat, canola, and other grains. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Total cases. [413] Canadian humour is an integral part of the Canadian identity and is reflected in its folklore, literature, music, art, and media. French version of the poster roughly translates as "They serve FranceEveryone can serve; Buy Victory Bonds". [222] Canada acceded to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1976. Moving between provinces. [209] In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. [111] In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled unilateral secession by a province would be unconstitutional and the Clarity Act was passed by parliament, outlining the terms of a negotiated departure from Confederation. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". [389][390] Rates of religious adherence are steadily decreasing. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [230] Canada is noted for having a positive relationship with the Netherlands, owing, in part, to its contribution to the Dutch liberation during World War II. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. [231] Since then, Canada has been an advocate for multilateralism, making efforts to resolve global issues in collaboration with other nations. [10] Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona);[10] by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as Canada. [407][408][409] Canadians also identify with the country's foreign aid policies, peacekeeping roles, the National park system and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. [100][101][102] Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, although the monarch is retained as sovereign. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. [387], According to the 2021 census, Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with Roman Catholics having the most adherents. [482] The country is scheduled to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup alongside Mexico and the United States.[483]. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. [12], Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conference, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. [301][302] A record number of 405,000 immigrants were admitted to Canada in 2021. [416] Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles and the Canadianization of traditional European and Indigenous symbols. [156] Canada's 18 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves cover a total area of 235,000 square kilometres (91,000sqmi). Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. [59] The Proclamation and the Quebec Act in turn angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies, further fuelling anti-British sentiment in the years prior to the American Revolution. [50] The Beaver Wars broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade. [207] Criminal law is solely a federal responsibility and is uniform throughout Canada. [321] Four chronic diseasescancer (leading cause of death), cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetesaccount for 65percent of deaths in Canada. [342] As of 2014[update], 89 percent of adults aged 25 to 64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree, compared to an OECD average of 75 percent. [304] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements; it resettled more than 28,000 in 2018. The Arctic Ocean is to the north of Canada. [188] To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. Christians, representing 53.3percent of the population in 2021, are followed by people reporting irreligion or having no religion at 34.6percent. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [109][110] A second referendum followed in 1995, in which sovereignty was rejected by a slimmer margin of 50.6 to 49.4 percent. Ontario. [146] The boreal forest of Canada is considered to be the largest intact forest on Earth, with approximately 3,000,000km2 (1,200,000sqmi) undisturbed by roads, cities or industry. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! Sell your goods or services to the government Banff National Park. WebCanada - CBC News. [474] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. [18] The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion. General elections in Canada must be called by the governor general, triggered by either the advice of the prime minister or a lost confidence vote in the House. [225], Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner. [309], Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare. [157], Canada is described as a "full democracy",[158] with a tradition of liberalism,[159] and an egalitarian,[160] moderate political ideology. In Ontario, French has some legal status, but is not fully co-official. [418] Canada's official tartan, known as the "maple leaf tartan", has four colours that reflect the colours of the maple leaf as it changes through the seasonsgreen in the spring, gold in the early autumn, red at the first frost, and brown after falling. [325] Canada has performed close to, or above the average on the majority of OECD health indicators since the early 2000s, ranking above the average on OECD indicators for wait-times and access to care, with average scores for quality of care and use of resources. [19], Indigenous peoples in present-day Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Mtis,[20] the last being of mixed descent who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations people married European settlers and subsequently developed their own identity. [51], The English established additional settlements in Newfoundland in 1610 along with settlements in the Thirteen Colonies to the south. [365], The 1977 Charter of the French Language established French as the official language of Quebec. [398][399] The official state policy of multiculturalism is often cited as one of Canada's significant accomplishments,[400] and a key distinguishing element of Canadian identity. Total cases. [380] With Christianity in decline after having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life,[381] Canada has become a post-Christian, secular state. [39], It is believed that the first European to explore the east coast of Canada was Norse explorer Leif Erikson. WebFind out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. [270], Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [214] The role of Aboriginal law and the rights they support were reaffirmed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in British North America from 1841 to 1867. [461] The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970. [43] In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence where, on July 24, he planted a 10-metre (33ft) cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" and took possession of the territory New France in the name of King Francis I. The 105 members of the Senate, whose seats are apportioned on a regional basis, serve until age 75. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [463], Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding Canadian Confederation by over 50 years. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [426] The earliest Canadian narratives were of travel and exploration. [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. [153] Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area is the world's largest freshwater protected area, spanning roughly 10,000 square kilometres (3,900sqmi) of lakebed, its overlaying freshwater, and associated shoreline on 60 square kilometres (23sqmi) of islands and mainland. [442] In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVOntario and Tl-Qubec. [68] The Anglo-Russian Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) established the border along the Pacific coast, but, even after the US Alaska Purchase of 1867, disputes continued about the exact demarcation of the AlaskaYukon and AlaskaBC border. [120] In 2021, the remains of hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered near the former sites of Canadian Indian residential schools. [406] Government policies such as publicly funded health care, higher taxation to redistribute wealth, the outlawing of capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, strict gun control, a social liberal attitude toward women's rights (like pregnancy termination) and LGBTQ rights, legalized euthanasia and cannabis use are indicators of Canada's political and cultural values. A highly developed country, Canada has the 24th highest nominal per capita income globally and the fifteenth-highest ranking on the Human Development Index. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. [11] In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. [18], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. Apply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [34] First Nations and Mtis peoples played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting European coureur des bois and voyageurs in their explorations of the continent during the North American fur trade. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. [280] Canada was ranked 15th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022. [10], From the 16th to the early 18th century, "Canada" referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. 49,871. [98] Socially democratic programs were also instituted, such as Medicare, the Canada Pension Plan, and Canada Student Loans, though provincial governments, particularly Quebec and Alberta, opposed many of these as incursions into their jurisdictions. [337] The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. [469] Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. [154] Canada's largest national wildlife region is the Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area, which spans 11,570.65 square kilometres (4,467.45sqmi)[155] and protects critical breeding and nesting habitat for over 40 percent of British Columbia's seabirds. Provincial legislatures are unicameral and operate in parliamentary fashion similar to the House of Commons. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. .ca. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [206], Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. [186][187], While the monarchy is the source of authority in Canada, in practice its position is symbolic. [85], The first Canadian Army units arrived in Britain in December 1939. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [422] Material items such as Canadian beer, maple syrup, tuques, canoes, nanaimo bars, butter tarts and the Quebec dish of poutine are defined as uniquely Canadian. [428] In recent decades, Canada's literature has been strongly influenced by immigrants from around the world. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. [444] In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. Canada is a country in North America. [378], The "Fundamental Freedoms" section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states:[379]. [374] American Sign Language (ASL) is used across the country due to the prevalence of ASL in primary and secondary schools. [232][233] During the Cold War, Canada was a major contributor to UN forces in the Korean War and founded the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) in cooperation with the United States to defend against potential aerial attacks from the Soviet Union. [319] A 2016 report by the chief public health officer found that 88percent of Canadians, one of the highest proportions of the population among G7 countries, indicated that they "had good or very good health". [395][396][397] Canada has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. [65] Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. [403] As a whole, Canada is in theory a cultural mosaic of regional ethnic subcultures. [61] To accommodate the influx of English-speaking Loyalists in Central Canada, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the province of Canada into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario), granting each its own elected legislative assembly. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) at the federal level. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. [427] This progressed into three major themes that can be found within historical Canadian literature: nature, frontier life, and Canada's position within the world, all three of which tie into the garrison mentality. WebVisit our Campus. [470] Other sports such as volleyball, skiing, cycling, swimming, badminton, tennis, bowling and the study of martial arts are all widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels. Provincial and territorial case numbers. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. Provincial and territorial case numbers. [457] Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. Indigenous peoples are not considered a visible minority in Statistics Canada calculations. [293] Canada is a participant in the International Space Station (ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Canadarm, Canadarm2 and Dextre robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's Space Shuttle. Includes workplace eligibility, steps to apply, processing times, and what you need to do before you work in Canada. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}60N 110W / 60N 110W / 60; -110. Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec allow for both English and French to be spoken in the provincial legislatures, and laws are enacted in both languages. [177][178][179] Five parties had representatives elected to the Parliament in the 2021 electionthe Liberal Party, who currently form a minority government; the Conservative Party, who are the Official Opposition; the New Democratic Party; the Bloc Qubcois; and the Green Party of Canada. [332] Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. [315] This mostly pays for services not covered or partially covered by Medicare, such as prescription drugs, dentistry and optometry. [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. .ca. [208] Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is officially a provincial responsibility, conducted by provincial and municipal police forces. Visit our Campus. The person who is the Canadian monarch is the same as the British monarch, although the two institutions are separate. Canada holds the third largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and is the only non-OPEC member in the top five. .ca. English and French are its In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. [119] The COVID-19 pandemic in Canada began on January 27, 2020, with wide social and economic disruption. [401][402] In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and there is a French Canadian culture that is distinct from English Canadian culture. ", "The Governor General of Canada: Roles and Responsibilities", "House of Commons Procedure and Practice: Parliamentary Institutions", "The Opposition in a Parliamentary System", "Government and Canada's 41st Parliament: Questions and Answers", "Difference between Canadian Provinces and Territories", "Differences from Provincial Governments", "Keeping Canada and Our Communities Safe and Secure", Aboriginal roundtable on Kelowna Accord: Aboriginal policy negotiations 20042006, "Plans at a glance and operating context", "Millennium Development Goals: A sprint to 2015 and the way forward", "Torture by Army Peacekeepers in Somalia Shocks Canada", "Russia claims North Pole with Arctic flag stunt", "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "More soldiers, ships and planes for military in Liberal defence plan", "Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations Share of global exports of goods (%), 19782020", United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, "Who owns whom? Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [275], In 2019, Canada spent approximately $40.3billion on domestic research and development, of which over $7billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. [366] Although more than 82 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in New Brunswick, Alberta, and Manitoba; Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [449] The nature of Canadian art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada. A house was sold without the owners' consent. [49] Among the colonists of New France, Canadiens extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and Acadians settled the present-day Maritimes, while fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi watershed to Louisiana. [57] More importantly, the Quebec Act afforded Quebec special autonomy and rights of self-administration at a time when the Thirteen Colonies were increasingly agitating against British rule. [471] Great achievements in Canadian sports are recognized by Canada's Sports Hall of Fame,[472] while the Lou Marsh Trophy is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete by a panel of journalists. [175][176] Far-right and far-left politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. [117], In 2011, Canadian forces participated in the NATO-led intervention into the Libyan Civil War,[118] and also became involved in battling the Islamic State insurgency in Iraq in the mid-2010s. [328] An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a lack of healthcare professionals. [76][77] This period of westward expansion and nation building resulted in the displacement of many Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies to "Indian reserves",[78] clearing the way for ethnic European block settlements. [430] By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best. [339], According to a 2019 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world;[340] the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree.